Vitamin A Deficiency

What is vitamin A deficiency?

Vitamin A deficiency is when your body lacks the amount of vitamin A it needs to function properly. Vitamin A deficiency can cause vision loss and blindness. It can also lead to complications with your skin, heart, lungs, tissues and immune system.

Who does vitamin A deficiency affect?

Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States, but it can affect people who don’t get enough vitamin A in their diets. It also affects people with certain liver disorders and conditions that affect how their bodies can absorb vitamins.

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In developing countries around the world, many people don’t get enough vitamin A. Infants, children and people who are pregnant or breastfeeding are the most at risk. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness in children around the world. Every year, between 250,000 children and 500,000 children worldwide become blind because of vitamin A deficiency.

What is vitamin A?

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Vitamin A plays a key role in many systems of your body. Vitamin A is essential for healthy vision, metabolism and cell development. It’s an important factor in keeping your immune system and reproductive system healthy. Your body can’t make vitamin A on its own, so you must get it through the foods you eat.

Vitamin A is vital for your vision. Your eyes need to make specific pigments for your retinas to work correctly. A lack of vitamin A hinders your eyes’ ability to make these pigments, which can lead to night blindness. In other words, you need vitamin A to be able to see at night.

Your eyes also need vitamin A to produce moisture to keep your corneas properly lubricated. If your corneas get too dry, they can become damaged, which can lead to blindness.

Vitamin A also keeps your skin and the lining of your lungs, intestines and urinary tract in tip-top shape. Plus, it helps your immune system protect you against infections.

What are the different forms of vitamin A?

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There are two forms of vitamin A.

Preformed vitamin A

Preformed vitamin A, or retinol, is found naturally in animal products, including beef, poultry, fish, liver and eggs. Some cereals and dairy products are fortified with vitamin A as well.

Provitamin A carotenoids

Carotenoids are from plant sources and are the pigments in vegetables and fruits that give them their yellow, orange and red colors. After you eat these fruits and vegetables, your body slowly converts the carotenoids into vitamin A. The most common type of carotenoid is beta-carotene.

What complications can occur due to vitamin A deficiency?

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to many complications, including:

• Eye problems: Vitamin A is a key factor in many functions of your eyes. Vision loss and blindness can occur.
• Skin issues: A lack of vitamin A can cause dry, scaly and/or itchy skin.
• Infertility: Vitamin A plays an important role in your reproductive system. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to trouble conceiving and infertility.
• Growth issues: Vitamin A deficiency can cause delayed growth and development in children.
• Respiratory tract infections: Vitamin A deficiency can cause problems with your immune system. This can lead to infections in your chest and throat.

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